Full Name: Sir Isaac Newton; Profession: Mathematician, physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, author; Nationality: English (Kingdom of England, later Great Britain); Born: December 25, 1642 (Julian calendar; January 4, 1643, Gregorian); Birthplace: Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire, England; Generation: Early Modern (pre-industrial scholar); Chinese Zodiac: Water Tiger (by year 1642); Zodiac Sign: Capricorn (Sun placement by Western dates); Age in 2025: Deceased (died March 20, 1726/31, aged 84 by modern reckoning); Marital Status: Never married; Children: None; Description: Sir Isaac Newton is one of the most influential scientists in history, whose work laid foundational pillars for classical physics, calculus, and the scientific method. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, he developed, often in intense solitude, the laws of motion and universal gravitation that explained everything from falling apples to planetary orbits within a single coherent framework. His landmark book “Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica” formalized these ideas, presenting a mathematical description of the physical universe that remained dominant for centuries. Newton also made pioneering contributions to optics, demonstrating that white light is composed of a spectrum of colors and designing the reflecting telescope that addressed aberrations in refracting lenses. In mathematics, he co-developed what is now called calculus, providing tools indispensable to modern science and engineering. Later in life, Newton served as Master of the Royal Mint and president of the Royal Society, and he was knighted in 1705. His blend of rigorous experimental work, visionary theoretical insight, and profound engagement with philosophy and theology has made him a central figure in the Scientific Revolution, and his legacy continues to shape how science conceives of laws, measurement, and the relationship between observation and theory.