Full Name: Sigmund Freud; Profession: Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist, and founder of psychoanalysis. Nationality: Austrian; Born: May 6, 1856; Birthplace: Freiberg in Moravia, Austrian Empire (now Příbor, Czech Republic); Generation: 19th‑century modern science and early 20th‑century intellectual generation; Chinese Zodiac: Fire Dragon; Zodiac Sign: Taurus; Age in 2026: 170. Marital Status: Married to Martha Bernays from 1886 until his death. Children: 6 (Mathilde, Jean Martin, Oliver, Ernst, Sophie, and Anna Freud). Description: Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud) was an Austrian neurologist who created psychoanalysis, a revolutionary clinical method for exploring and treating mental disorders through dialogue between patient and analyst that reshaped psychology, psychiatry, and Western culture. Working for most of his career in Vienna, he developed a far‑reaching theory of the mind centered on the dynamic unconscious and internal psychic conflict, proposing that much human behavior is driven by wishes and memories outside conscious awareness that emerge symbolically in dreams, neurotic symptoms, and slips of the tongue. Freud introduced foundational concepts such as the id, ego, and superego; the structural model of personality; the Oedipus complex to describe a central pattern in early psychosexual development; and defense mechanisms like repression, displacement, and rationalization, arguing that unresolved childhood conflicts can produce adult psychopathology. His major works, including “The Interpretation of Dreams,” “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality,” and “Civilization and Its Discontents,” influenced not only clinical practice but also literature, art, philosophy, and critical theory, making him one of the most cited and debated thinkers of the 20th century. Personally, Freud was born into a Jewish family as the first of eight children, showed exceptional intellectual gifts early, studied medicine at the University of Vienna, and specialized in neurology before gradually shifting from laboratory research to clinical work with hysterical patients, where his collaboration with Josef Breuer on the “talking cure” laid the groundwork for psychoanalysis. His marriage to Martha Bernays was long-lasting and, by contemporary accounts, deeply important to his emotional life; together they had six children, among them Anna Freud, who became a pioneering child analyst and extended her father’s ideas into the psychology of the ego and the study of defense mechanisms. In 1938, after Nazi Germany annexed Austria and antisemitic persecution intensified, the Freud family fled Vienna for London, where he spent his final year still writing and receiving a few patients despite severe, debilitating cancer of the jaw and palate that had required multiple surgeries and caused chronic pain. Cause of Death: Freud died in London on September 23, 1939, at the age of 83, after his physician and friend Max Schur, honoring an earlier agreement, administered a series of large morphine doses to relieve the unbearable pain of his advanced oral cancer, effectively amounting to physician‑assisted euthanasia.